Beschrijving
Previous to the eleventh century there had been quarrels between Emperor and Pope. Occasional Popes, such as Nicholas I (858-67), had asserted high prerogatives for the successor of St. Peter, but we have seen that the Church herself taught the co-ordinate and the mutual dependence of the ecclesiastical and secular powers. It was the circumstances of the tenth century which caused the Church to assume a less complacent attitude and, in her efforts to prevent her absorption by the State, to attempt the reduction of the State to a mere department of the Church.
![Local Notes and Gleanings. Oldham and Neighbourhood in Bygone Days. Edited by G. Shaw. [Illustrated.] PT. 1-12. Vol. I](https://img.deschampsvale.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/11/cfad77bc37297cbdf5787fb38bd89907.webp "Local Notes and Gleanings. Oldham and Neighbourhood in Bygone Days. Edited by G. Shaw. [Illustrated.] PT. 1-12. Vol. I")
